The identified studies were then classified according to the level of evidence for key clinical recommendations using the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Levels of Evidence Rating Scale for Therapeutic Studies (Table 2). Combinations of these terms were also used to maximize the return of results. The medical subject heading terms used for the search included body contouring, mechanical suction, SmoothShape, Endermologie, TriActive, VelaSmooth, external radiofrequency, VelaShape, Thermage, Accent, TiteFX, high-frequency focused ultrasound, UltraShape, Liposonix, cryolipolysis, Coolsculpt, low-level light laser, Zerona, Exilis, Venus Freeze, Vanquish, and VASERShape. 3 The aim of the present study was to review some of these devices and the evidence supporting their use and effectiveness.Ī search for relevant studies was undertaken using Medline. The devices can be classified according to the type of energy used (Table 1). These devices broadly deliver an external form of energy that causes changes in the underlying adipocytes. 2 There are numerous noninvasive body-contouring devices currently available on the market. In 2013, almost 95,000 nonsurgical fat reduction procedures and 294,000 nonsurgical skin-tightening procedures were performed in the United States. According to the statistics from the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 9.5 million nonsurgical procedures were performed in 2013, compared with only 1.8 million surgical procedures. The demand for body contouring is rapidly increasing, and interest in noninvasive approaches has also grown. 1 According to the 2013 American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery statistics, 2 liposuction was the most commonly performed cosmetic surgical procedure in the United States in 2013. In 2013, the International Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery reported that more than 1.6 million liposuction procedures had been performed globally, making it the second most common cosmetic procedure after breast augmentation. Liposuction has become one of the leading cosmetic surgical procedures worldwide. Body contouring, body sculpting, noninvasive ultrasound, noninvasive plastic surgery, cosmetic medicine, minimally invasive plastic surgery, skin tightening
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